13 10 264 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/569e8ab0a7be2b62648a8dfaf22255ae.png 57a301a5bba9f5cba80d946f499dd07c https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/dd01f5a7b0a3c29c1de5027f9f168901.png 078a8101158e41afcf7a91b737bc432c Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF1124<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Rugose coral (manmade cast)</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Ordovician to Permian</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Cnidaria<br />Class: Anthozoa<br />Order: Rugosa</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Septa<br />Growth lines<br />'Horn' shape</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Manmade cast</div> </div> solitary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This glossary describes a number of geological terms with which the 1A students should become familiar.<span> It is by no means an exhaustive list, but is aimed to help you understand the material within the first year course.</span> Title A name given to the resource Glossary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Acicular</h2> Subject The topic of the resource Acicular means needle-shaped. The term is usually applied to crystal form. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This glossary describes a number of geological terms with which the 1A students should become familiar.<span> It is by no means an exhaustive list, but is aimed to help you understand the material within the first year course.</span> Title A name given to the resource Glossary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Adamantine [lustre]</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <span>Minerals displaying a diamond-like lustre are described as adamantine. These minerals are transparent or translucent and have very high refractive indices, producing the high degree of lustre. Zeolites, for example, have adamantine lustre.</span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This glossary describes a number of geological terms with which the 1A students should become familiar.<span> It is by no means an exhaustive list, but is aimed to help you understand the material within the first year course.</span> Title A name given to the resource Glossary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Aeolian</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <span>Relating to or arising from the action of the wind; aeolian sediments are wind-blown. Also spelt eolian.</span> Description An account of the resource Have a look at the ferruginous arenite sandstone (<a href="https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/items/show/25">L326</a>) in the 1A Reference Series. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This glossary describes a number of geological terms with which the 1A students should become familiar.<span> It is by no means an exhaustive list, but is aimed to help you understand the material within the first year course.</span> Title A name given to the resource Glossary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Albite twinning</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <span>Named after albite (Na-plagioclase) twinning on the (010) crystallographic plane.<br />See </span><a href="https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/items/show/169">lamellar twinning</a><span>.</span> https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/7eda87156991f7c8b27a0e8510940358.jpg 2635d861ca5b4c2cbbd828726c95bfd4 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/dcc7eadcc1e8adacfb3ca0062cf15b41.jpg 35dd6efe13e1fca981d0837a56294e0b https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/4df0492facb5854e9375d2f627f192fe.jpg ffc9075681e5de8a163ba2009ad46bb1 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/52688639ee0b849fb604e43c822c434b.jpg 27a1d7561ed102f3dc1de4996962dd8d Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Alkali feldspar</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <div class="element"> <h3>Formula</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p>(K,Na)[AlSi₃O₈]</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Structure</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p>Framework silicate</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Crystal System</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p><em>Crystal system:</em><span> </span>monoclinic (-) or triclinic (+) (-)</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Physical Properties</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p class="NoSpacing"><em><span>Colour in hand specimen:</span></em><span> white or pink</span><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em><span>Cleavage:</span></em><span> two at 90°</span><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em><span>Hardness:</span></em><span> 6-6.5</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Optical Properties</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p class="NoSpacing"><em>Colour in plane polarised light:</em><span> </span>colourless<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em>Pleochroism:</em><span> </span>none<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em>Relief:</em><span> </span>low<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em>Birefringence:</em><span> </span>~0.008; 1^st<span> </span>order greys<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em>Extinction:</em><span> </span>inclined<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em>Twinning: </em>usually simple or lamellar;<span> </span><br />              Microcline (KAlSi₃O₈) displays characteristic cross-hatched twinning</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Mineral Specimens</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p class="NoSpacing"><strong><span>M400 </span></strong><strong><span>Alkali feldspar, microcline</span></strong><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" />A single crystal of pale orange-pink alkali feldspar.<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" />Pearly lustre.</p> <p class="NoSpacing"><strong><span>M401 </span></strong><strong><span>Alkali feldspar, orthoclase</span></strong><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><strong>Norway</strong><strong></strong><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" />A fragment of opaque, pale grey alkali feldspar.<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" />Two sets of good cleavage at right angles, with a pearly lustre on the cleavage faces.</p> <p class="NoSpacing"><strong><span>M402 </span></strong><strong><span>Alkali feldspar, orthoclase</span></strong><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><strong>Shap, Westmorland</strong><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" />Porphyritic granite.<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" />Large phenocrysts of pink feldspar, two sets of cleavage at 90°, simple twinning.<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" />Also white plagioclase feldspar, quartz and biotite<strong>.</strong></p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Rock Specimens</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/igneous-rocks/l100">L100 Alkali granite</a><span> </span><br /><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/igneous-rocks/l101">L101 Granite</a><span> </span><br /><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/igneous-rocks/l102">L102 Hornblende biotite granite</a><span> </span><br /><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/igneous-rocks/l110">L110 Rhyolite, porphyritic (quartz porphyry)</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Mineral Name</h3> <div class="element-text">alkali feldspar</div> </div> </div> felsic granite rhyolite Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This glossary describes a number of geological terms with which the 1A students should become familiar.<span> It is by no means an exhaustive list, but is aimed to help you understand the material within the first year course.</span> Title A name given to the resource Glossary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Alteration</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <span>Rocks undergo mineralogical change at low pressures, produced by reactions with circulating fluids. The replacement of the original minerals in the rock tends to take place primarily along cracks and around the edges of grains, though whole mineral grains can be replaced. The decomposition of olivine to serpentine is a common example of alteration.<br /></span> Description An account of the resource <em>Common alteration minerals include clays for plagioclase, <a href="https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/items/show/54">serpentine</a> for olivine, and <a href="https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/items/show/53">chlorite</a> for ferromagnesian minerals such as biotite.</em> https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/e82f884cdfcbcf0c5b784213fb159ef1.png 806574debb150c7909664efee6138600 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/28a1fb886f7368006421315c7a409b82.png 4fbffbc82465ad32a511bfcc397b9055 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/b991dbe90d1c1ca1df17fa3af77186f4.png 3955766fe671a8996a6acde655145297 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fossils Description An account of the resource <p>Welcome to the fossils section of the website. This is designed to help you learn the different characteristics of each major fossil group so that you are able to distinguish between them.</p> <p>First year students, please refer to the specimens housed in the first year teaching laboratory. There is no substitute for handling the specimens themselves; this website is just an accessory to help you along the way.</p> <p>Animals occupy different environments, have different life habits and lived through different periods in geological time. It is good to be aware of these differences in lifestyle and timing, within and between phyla, classes, orders and families.</p> Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Ammonoid</h2> Description An account of the resource <h2>Taxonomy</h2> <p>Phylum: Mollusca</p> <p>Class: Cephalopoda</p> <p>Subclass: Ammonoidea</p> <h2>Diagnostic features</h2> <p>[See labelled diagram above]</p> <p>Aragonite shell</p> <p>Septa</p> <p>Suture (different for goniatites, ceratites and ammonites, see second diagram above)</p> <p>Chambers</p> <p>Siphuncle</p> <p>Planispiral shape, involute or evolute (see third diagram on right hand side)</p> <h2>Stratigraphic range</h2> <p>Devonian to Cretaceous</p> <h2>Way of life</h2> <p>Nektonic (jet propelled)</p> <p>Predatory</p> <p>Marine</p> <h2>Common preservation</h2> <p>Internal mould</p> <p><a href="https://www.digitalatlasofancientlife.org/learn/nature-fossil-record/types-of-fossil-preservation/">Learn about types of preservation</a></p> <h2>Advanced notes</h2> <p>Ammonoids could passively remove or add water to chambers via the siphuncle. This allowed them to change their density, and maintain neutral buoyancy with the surrounding seawater. This meant that they were able to swim as efficiently as possible.</p> <p>Ammonoids are extremely good index fossils on account of their diverse morphologies, good preservation potentials and widespread fossil locations.</p> <h2>Specimens</h2> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/ammonoids" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Browse ammonoids</a></p> <h2>External links</h2> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ilSDcZAXNM" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Telling planispiral fossils apart</a></p> Carboniferous Cretaceous Devonian Jurassic Permian Triassic Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This glossary describes a number of geological terms with which the 1A students should become familiar.<span> It is by no means an exhaustive list, but is aimed to help you understand the material within the first year course.</span> Title A name given to the resource Glossary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Amorphous</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <span>Amorphous materials are non-crystalline solids. That is to say that they do not display long-range order in their structures. Glass is amorphous.</span> Description An account of the resource <em>Have a look at the<span><strong> rhyolite glass (<a href="https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/items/show/7">L113</a>)</strong> i</span>n the 1A Reference Series.</em> https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/be33d89fe6d9036ae8352a6f3f9a84ad.jpg c11d5dd9223d779156b594135bba0756 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/6674f7f49c2139327e03ef9b7487f568.jpg 434535ac740cdd1dd8093026a4e67be7 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Amphibole (hornblende)</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Formula</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p>(Na,K)_0-1Ca₂(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Al)₅Si_6-7.5Al_2-0.5O₂₂(OH)₂</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Structure</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p>Chain silicate</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Crystal System</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p class="NoSpacing"><em><span>Crystal</span></em><em><span> system: </span></em><span>monoclinic (+) (-)</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Physical Properties</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p class="NoSpacing"><em><span>Colour in hand specimen:</span></em><span> black</span><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em><span>Cleavage:</span></em><span> two at ~56°</span><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em><span>Hardness:</span></em><span> 5-6</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Optical Properties</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p class="NoSpacing"><em><span>Colour in plane polarised light:</span></em><span> pale green, green, light yellow-brown to brown</span><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em><span>Pleochroism:</span></em><span> yes</span><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em><span>Relief:</span></em><span> moderate</span><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em><span>Birefringence:</span></em><span> ~0.02; 2^nd order purple</span><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em><span>Extinction:</span></em><span> inclined</span><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em><span>Twinning:</span></em><span> simple, lamellar, common</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Mineral Specimens</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p><strong><span>M210 </span></strong><strong><span>Amphibole, hornblende</span></strong><span> </span><br /><strong>Bilen, Bohemia</strong><span> </span><br />Single, black prismatic<strong><span> </span></strong>crystal.<span> </span><br />At the ends of the crystal two sets of cleavage planes are visible, intersecting at ~56°</p> <p><strong><span>M211 </span></strong><strong><span>Amphibolite</span></strong><span> </span><br /><strong>Isle of Coll, Inner Hebrides</strong><span> </span><br />A metamorphic rock consisting almost entirely of crystals of the amphibole hornblende<span> </span><br />Black<span> </span><br />Brilliant lustre<span> </span><br />Two sets of cleavage planes intersect at ~56°</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Rock Specimens</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/igneous-rocks/l102">L102 Hornblende biotite granite</a><span> </span><br /><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/igneous-rocks/l120">L120 Granodiorite</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced Notes</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p class="NoSpacing"><span>The amphibole group encompasses a wide range of compositions. Even the hornblendes, which are a sub-group of the amphiboles, encompass a range of compositions (see mineral formula, above). The properties above refer to hornblende.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Mineral Name</h3> <div class="element-text">amphibole<br />hornblende</div> </div> igneous metabasite