11 10 264 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/2332c5c52d7c500ebdfb4e71c3e327c6.png e44fcbb6194a465a50645ee93539df17 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/1662b3fe221b3d8a4aa2e82df3cfead8.png 4004e8b020fff882441c3d1917a10558 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0806<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Crinoid (cast)</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Crinoidea</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Stem<br />Calyx<br />Crown<br />Ossicles (fused)</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Cast (manmade)</div> </div> https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/ac8725dd28db57aa5f5e14ea34391956.png 693c2200f318d8d5a71d9a40646d1ad3 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/6d18adbac164fbef9cf72b85e3d678d8.png a1c39cc60700bd22e052d74e18736bfc Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0901<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Regular echinoid spine</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>Location</h3> <div class="element-text">Coral Rag, Upware, Cambridgeshire</div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Species</h3> <div class="element-text">Florigemma</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Jurassic</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinoidea<br />Order: Cidaroida<br />Genus: Cidaris<br /><br /></div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">'Club' shaped<br />Thorns</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Mineral replacement (calcite)<br />Disarticulated from body shell</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">This is a spine from a regular echinoid. You can tell this by the shape and thickness of the spine.<br />Irregular echinoids live under the sediment in burrows, using their spines for movement, not for protection, and hence the spines are fine and able to be manipulated.<br />Regular echinoids live epifaunally, and so are a target for predators. These spines are needed to prevent attack of the shell containing the soft parts of the animal, and the 'club' like shape decreases access opportunities for predators. Other regular echinoid spines are long and thin, pointed, offering a more 'offensive defence' than spines such as this one.</div> </div> epifaunal protection https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/b21246beff92e745d52987147691643f.png 72ae11871d6a3d4342acb3ec1b370e95 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/75ac7ff10d0a63ded30845e65de7e176.png aca569eebb6edab8d0a15db4d00f2614 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0902<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Irregular echinoid</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>Location</h3> <div class="element-text"><span>Coralline Oolite, Upware, Cambridgeshire</span></div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Species</h3> <div class="element-text">depressus Lestre</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Jurassic</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinoidea<br />Subclass: Irregularia<br />Order: Holectypoida<br />Genus: Holectypus<br /><br /></div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Bilateral symmetry<br />Five radial ambulacra<br />Spine attachment scars (very small)<br />Peristome and anus out of line</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Shell mineral replacement<br />Sediment infil<br />Disarticulation of spines</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">This is a primitive irregular echinoid which would have had a functional jaw apparatus (not preserved) held within the peristome. The anus has migrated and the symmetry is bilateral, so this echinoid is clearly identifiable as irregular.</div> </div> bilateral movement pentaradial symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/096e8ba3d85cb6710d025c8a47c6b650.png dafdee752e982fb456d58759fe553388 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/9210643b87c961dd79670feb9079babe.png 8753d0aed58123df89e9df5181ddaaa9 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0903<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Irregular echinoid</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>Location</h3> <div class="element-text"><span>Upper Chalk, Weston Colville, Cambridgeshire</span></div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Species</h3> <div class="element-text">Praecursor</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Cretaceous</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinoidea<br />Subclass: Irregularia<br />Order: Spatangoida<br />Genus: Micraster<br /><br /></div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Bilateral symmetry<br />Five radial ambulacra<br />Peristome (opening for mouth) and periproct (opening for anus) migrated<br />Spine attachment scars</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Sediment infil<br />Shell mineral replacement<br />Disarticulation of spines</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Note the streamlined shape for burrowing through the sediment, and how the ambulacra, which bear the tube feet, do not continue onto the underside of the animal where the mouth is.<br />This is because the tube feet are used for respiration but not for movement, for which small spines are used.</div> </div> bilateral burrow movement pentaradial symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/5e888ad8cc2b9b0342f86ef1af785c7e.png 4b7e592cb8b1cbe0dd9e8fdede699aab https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/ce5f10a60393b19236600240c89c14a3.png 2d271509f57998b329fbdd24c1606832 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0904<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Irregular echinoid</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>Source</h3> <div class="element-text"><span>Quaternary River Gravel, derived from Cretaceous chalk</span></div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Cretaceous</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinoidea<br />Subclass: Irregularia<br />Order: Echinoneoida<br />Genus: Conulus</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Bilateral symmetry<br />Five radial ambulacra<br />Interambulacra<br />Migrated periproct (opening for anus)<br />Peristome (opening for mouth)</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">This fossil was collected in Quaternary river gravel. Originally it was preserved in the Upper Chalk (Cretaceous). This was broken up into clasts by erosive processes, one of which was this irregular echinoid. The echinoid clast was carried by a river downstream and deposited in the river gravel unit during the Quaternary.</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Note how the anus has migrated, but the peristome is still in the position you would expect from a regular echinoid (not migrated). Notice also how the ambulacra bearing the tube feet continue onto the underside, a feature not seen in more streamlined and derived irregular echinoids.</div> </div> bilateral pentaradial symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/72ea6cd0bb7f8b497b39a318df609464.png 0e2a73e364db842262470b8d153087af https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/f11f698bfa9af8a9c768f038396bec93.png 3368923915763abd36be4f6c7ab9a10c Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0905<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Irregular echinoid</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Upper Cretaceous</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinodea<br />Subclass: Irregularia<br />Order: Holasteroida<br /><br /></div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Bilateral symmetry<br />Mouth and anus out of line<br />Five radial ambulacra<br />Interambulacra with plates</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Sediment infill<br />Mineral replacement of shell</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Set 1: Anus and mouth appear to have been drilled to emphasise their positions.<br />Set 2: Fracturing of shell around the anus which obscures it. This would be a weak part of the shell which diagenetic processes have crushed.</div> </div> bilateral pentaradial symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/3e118be7d0f134049051257080257205.png 3a6ae881da3d07c53bf23ceb0f7091e3 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/3ee2f1620121ef6b9ec81730648cfe5f.png 81f86ef81494e7c696f14894d6682827 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0906<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Regular echinoid (cast)</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinoidea<br />Subclass: Regularia</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Pentaradial symmetry<br />Anus and peristome lie in line<br />Spine attachments<br />Five sets of ambulacra</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Cast (internal mould of an external mould)</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Spine attachments very much larger than for irregular echinoids as they have to hold much larger spines. Spines on regular echinoids are for defence and preventing predation, unlike for irregular echinoids where the spines are for movement in burrows. Watch a video of regular echinoids moving:<span> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3W4OCnHyCs">BBC Wildlife Army of Sea Urchins</a></div> </div> defence pentaradial symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/71b420fdd7c8e4751f3d5cb38afe7b25.png bd4723338577f308bf0d0185d9e05898 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/62fd8b5f78862b97bb5582f961dde781.png 0c4119c9a2bafd398cdb3ad665d7686b Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0907<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Regular echinoid</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Modern</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinoidea<br />Subclass: Regularia</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Pentaradial symmetry<br />Anus and peristome in line<br />Spine attachments<br />Ambulacra<br />Attachments for the jaw apparatus visible on the inside of the peristome</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Original shell material<br />Jaw apparatus disarticulated<br />Soft parts removed</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Look at the colour of the shell and compare it to the permineralised specimens. Colour is almost always lost in the fossilisation process, even when the preservation looks to be near-perfect.</div> </div> pentaradial symmetry urchin https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/fdf274c7c8b3eade9052d8a9c1bc83ac.png 85078ea0b0361a155e77ad02ec547c71 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/7d2b50942e7cb6135268d83283d46349.png 9079d1735d854110a55efddf520e2dda Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF1001<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Dendroid graptolites</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Cambrian to Carboniferous</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Hemichordata<br />Class: Graptolithina<br />Order: Dendroidea</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Numerous branching stipes<br />Colonial<br />Thecae</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Flattened</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">In this specimen we cannot see the size of a potential holdfast. Because of this we cannot say if this is a planktonic or benthic animal.<br /><br />Dendroid graptolites began as benthic organisms attaching to the seafloor with a holdfast, but some diversified as planktonic animals, with a reduced holdfast.</div> </div> branching colonial https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/0f853b27469fcacc010797fa241893bb.png 58da77b39abe48a0d21363f03ca11fc1 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/4fb051a54379bacdf100374a62356619.png 65dd46434ebeef84077b476a1ff6f7f5 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF1002<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Graptoloid graptolite</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>Specimen Age</h3> <div class="element-text">Ordovician<br /><br /><h3>Location</h3> <div class="element-text">Australia</div> </div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Ordovician</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Hemichordata<br />Class: Graptolithina<br />Order: Graptoloidea</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Thecae<br />Stipes<br />Rhabdosome<br />Nema</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Flattened<br />Carbon film<br />Red colour from iron in sediment seeping into fossil</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">The number of stipes decreased over time, from 4 to 3 to 2. This specimen has 3 stipes, placing it between four stiped animals such as<span> </span><em>Tetragraptus</em><span> </span>and two stiped animals such as<span> </span><em>Didymograptus</em><span> </span>in time.</div> </div> branching colonial