16 10 264 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/89971fb077904c4a99127760472f86da.png bceb196f6a84f6bd71cf0f40b9b64a82 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/2bb5468a533d7778aee98703471bddd4.png c8085ee8501917f4791bb012dbba7ada Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fossils Description An account of the resource <p>Welcome to the fossils section of the website. This is designed to help you learn the different characteristics of each major fossil group so that you are able to distinguish between them.</p> <p>First year students, please refer to the specimens housed in the first year teaching laboratory. There is no substitute for handling the specimens themselves; this website is just an accessory to help you along the way.</p> <p>Animals occupy different environments, have different life habits and lived through different periods in geological time. It is good to be aware of these differences in lifestyle and timing, within and between phyla, classes, orders and families.</p> Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Crinoid</h2> Description An account of the resource <h2>Taxonomy</h2> <p>Phylum: Echinodermata</p> <p>Class: Crinoidea</p> <h2>Diagnostic Features</h2> <p>Crown</p> <p>Stalk</p> <p>Pentaradial symmetry</p> <p>Ossicles</p> <p>Calyx</p> <p>Pinnule</p> <p>Holdfast</p> <h2>Way of life</h2> <p>Benthic (some pseudoplanktonic)</p> <p>Filter feeders</p> <h2>Stratigraphic range</h2> <p>Ordovician to present</p> <h2>Advanced Notes</h2> <p>The heyday of the crinoids was the Palaeozoic, where they dominated shallow marine environments. Modern crinoids are exclusively deep marine, and the diversity of forms is far less than it was during the Paleozoic.</p> <p>Were they victims of the increased grazing and predation pressure of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution?</p> <h2>Specimens</h2> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/crinoids" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Browse crinoids</a></p> <h2>Links</h2> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1xfRc4SDsw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">youtube</a>: modern crinoid behaving pseudoplanktonically. You can see the pinnules, crown and multiple stalks.</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?q=crinoid" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">flickr</a>: beautiful photographs of both living and fossil crinoids. Compare the levels of detail you can see, admire the colours, and spot the distinctive features that make these crinoids identifiable.</p> <p><a href="https://www.digitalatlasofancientlife.org/learn/nature-fossil-record/types-of-fossil-preservation/">Learn about types of preservation</a></p> benthic pentaradial symmetry Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This glossary describes a number of geological terms with which the 1A students should become familiar.<span> It is by no means an exhaustive list, but is aimed to help you understand the material within the first year course.</span> Title A name given to the resource Glossary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Cross-hatched twinning</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <span>Where one set of parallel twin planes intersects another at 90°, twinning is produced in a cross-hatched or tartan pattern. This is a diagnostic characteristic of microcline (an alkali feldspar), and is occasionally referred to as microcline twinning.</span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This glossary describes a number of geological terms with which the 1A students should become familiar.<span> It is by no means an exhaustive list, but is aimed to help you understand the material within the first year course.</span> Title A name given to the resource Glossary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Cryptocrystalline</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <span>Rocks with a crystalline structure in which the individual crystals are so small that they cannot be identified using standard optical microscopy are described as cryptocrystalline.</span> Description An account of the resource <em>Compare with<span> </span><a href="https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/items/show/227">microcrystalline</a>.</em> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This glossary describes a number of geological terms with which the 1A students should become familiar.<span> It is by no means an exhaustive list, but is aimed to help you understand the material within the first year course.</span> Title A name given to the resource Glossary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Crystal lattice</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <span>An ordered arrangement of atoms within a solid. This typically exhibits long range order in the form of a repeating motif (unit cell) on each lattice point, to build up the whole structure.</span> https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/1e8ac03c3e758db9adb14e72134069b9.jpg a210d39bdb7a265dd1995b5a84c81d32 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/fa85045449503b9b13debcb0ed647816.jpg bb56a913d756bc4f72dc1c31698975c6 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Dolomite</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Formula</h3> <div class="element-text">CaMg(CO₃)₂</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Structure</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p>Non-silicate</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Crystal System</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p><em>Crystal system:</em><span> </span>trigonal (-)</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Physical Properties</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p class="NoSpacing"><em><span>Colour in hand specimen:</span></em><span> white, often tinged with yellow or brown</span><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em><span>Cleavage:</span></em><span> rhombohedral</span><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em><span>Hardness:</span></em><span> 3.5-4 </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Optical Properties</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p class="NoSpacing"><em>Colour in plane polarised light:</em><span> </span>colourless<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em>Pleochroism:</em><span> </span>none<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em>Relief:</em><span> </span>low<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em>Birefringence:</em><span> </span>0.179-(0.185); &gt;4^{th<span> </span>}order<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><em>Extinction:</em><span> </span>inclined<span> </span><br /><em>Twinning:</em><span> </span>lamellar, common</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Mineral Specimens</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p class="NoSpacing"><strong><span>M543 Dolomite, associated with siderite and copper pyrites</span></strong><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" /><strong>Cerro Blanco</strong><strong>, Chile</strong><strong></strong><span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" />Rhombohedral crystals of dolomite with curved faces, associated with siderite (iron carbonate) and copper pyrite<span> </span><br class="NoSpacing" />White, slightly grey<span> </span><br />Hardness 3.5 – 4</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Rock Specimens</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/sedimentary-rocks/l352">L352 Limestone, dolomitic</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Mineral Name</h3> <div class="element-text">dolomite</div> </div> magnesium rhomb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This glossary describes a number of geological terms with which the 1A students should become familiar.<span> It is by no means an exhaustive list, but is aimed to help you understand the material within the first year course.</span> Title A name given to the resource Glossary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Dull [lustre]</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <span>Minerals displaying little or no lustre are described as dull. The surfaces of these minerals comprise coarse granulations, which scatter light in all directions. Clay minerals, for example, have dull lustre.</span> Description An account of the resource <em>See: <a href="https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/items/show/166">adamantine</a></em> https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/da675e6f7c1f955ccb28658cfe235bcb.png 890560381a34841c5f1f11649c9e0203 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/d7eb9ad67662f54a626c0d85caf42278.png c6e2b2a7f0b5fb6fe557afc11ad07383 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fossils Description An account of the resource <p>Welcome to the fossils section of the website. This is designed to help you learn the different characteristics of each major fossil group so that you are able to distinguish between them.</p> <p>First year students, please refer to the specimens housed in the first year teaching laboratory. There is no substitute for handling the specimens themselves; this website is just an accessory to help you along the way.</p> <p>Animals occupy different environments, have different life habits and lived through different periods in geological time. It is good to be aware of these differences in lifestyle and timing, within and between phyla, classes, orders and families.</p> Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Echinoid</h2> Description An account of the resource <h2>Taxonomy</h2> <p>Phylum: Echinodermata</p> <p>Class: Echinoidea</p> <h2>Diagnostic features</h2> <p>Ambulacra (tube feet)</p> <p>Periproct (opening for anus)</p> <p>Peristome (opening for mouth)</p> <p>Pentaradial symmetry (regular echinoids)</p> <p>Bilateral symmetry imposed upon pentaradial symmetry (irregular echinoids)</p> <h2>Stratigraphic range</h2> <p>Ordovician to Present (Irregular Echinoids from Jurassic to Present)</p> <h2>Way of life</h2> <h3>Regular echinoids:</h3> <p>Grazers with functional jaw apparatus</p> <p>Long spines for protection and movement</p> <p>Epifaunal at a wide range of depths</p> <p>Use tube feet for respiration and movement</p> <h3>Irregular echinoids:</h3> <p>Feed on organic matter in sediment, front shaped to funnel sediment into mouth</p> <p>Use fine spines to move</p> <p>Infaunal burrowers</p> <p>Use tube feet for respiration</p> <h2>Advanced notes</h2> <p>Grazing echinoids leave a distinctive pentagonal feeding trace<span> </span><em>Gnathicnus pentax</em>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.digitalatlasofancientlife.org/learn/nature-fossil-record/types-of-fossil-preservation/">Learn about types of preservation</a></p> <h2>Specimens</h2> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/echinoids" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Browse echinoids</a></p> bilateral pentaradial spines symmetry Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This glossary describes a number of geological terms with which the 1A students should become familiar.<span> It is by no means an exhaustive list, but is aimed to help you understand the material within the first year course.</span> Title A name given to the resource Glossary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Eolian</h2> Description An account of the resource <em>See<span> </span><a href="https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/items/show/167">aeolian</a>.</em> https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/b8b233edb6e035dc684e24f4623b773c.jpg eccd6795baa14b8a4a88173b5a20e307 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Epidote</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Formula</h3> <div class="element-text">Ca₂Al₂O∙(Al,Fe³⁺)OH[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Structure</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p>Orthosilicate</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Crystal System</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p><em>Crystal system:</em><span> </span>monoclinic (-)</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Physical Properties</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p><em>Colour in hand specimen:</em><span> </span>green<br /><em>Cleavage:</em><span> </span>one, perfect<br /><em>Hardness:</em><span> </span>6</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Optical Properties</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p><em>Colour in plane polarised light:</em><span> </span>yellow-green<br /><em>Pleochroism:</em><span> </span>yes<br /><em>Relief:</em><span> </span>high<br /><em>Birefringence:</em><span> </span>0.015-0.051; 1st order orange to 3rd order pink<br /><em>Extinction:</em><span> </span>inclined<br /><em>Twinning:</em><span> </span>lamellar, not common</p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Rock Specimens</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/sedimentary-rocks/l354">L354 Limestone, shelly</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Mineral Name</h3> <div class="element-text">epidote</div> </div> low grade medium grade secondary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This glossary describes a number of geological terms with which the 1A students should become familiar.<span> It is by no means an exhaustive list, but is aimed to help you understand the material within the first year course.</span> Title A name given to the resource Glossary Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Equant</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <span>A crystal which is of roughly equal size in all directions is described as equant. Although this description implies that equant crystals tend towards a spherical form, the term describes both rounded and angular crystals.</span> Description An account of the resource <em>See: ultramafic cumulate (<a href="https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/items/show/14">L171</a>)</em>