19 10 264 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/68cd5408832e8920f4130571bd4941fb.png cb4dc9dc532af24644a44cfa0babaa34 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/fe0774b486c5eeca25d026d816434661.png c1291e523262e8445f141252542a040d Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0103<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Trigonia</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>Age</h3> <div class="element-text">Jurassic</div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Jurassic to recent</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Mollusca<br />Class: Bivalvia<br />Order: Trigoniida<br />Family: Trigoniidae</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Ribs<br />Dentition, hinge<br />Growth lines</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Set 1:<br />Mineral replacement of shell (aragonite to calcite)<br />Set 2:<br />Disarticulation of valves<br />Sediment infil (oolitic ironstone, which gives the reddy colour to the specimen)<br />Mineral replacement of shell (aragonite to calcite)</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Strong ribs are present on the anterior part of the shell - perhaps to discourage predators or as a response to a high energy environment?</div> </div> https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/68706e044dabbaeaa65efeeb270d7144.png 6d189212c6e1ef5dc5c20ece770934de https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/5fa32bd97f9d6efed25d1d3ea2d92bc9.png 9b4f5a3ec142e9190442e400fdd949b2 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0102<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Liostrea</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>Age</h3> <div class="element-text">Jurassic</div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Species</h3> <div class="element-text">Liostrea</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Triassic to Eocene</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Mollusca<br />Class: Bivalvia<br />Order: Gryphaeidae</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Growth lines<br />Two articulating valves<br />Adductor muscle scar</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Original shell material</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text"> <p>Much like modern oysters<span> </span><em>Liostrea<span> </span></em>lived as a stationary epifaunal suspension feeder, encrusting hard substrates, after an initially planktonic larval stage.</p> </div> </div> oyster symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/3a257895e552cc9a42e6ac5774407bd9.png dc2dad9fd7d160c31562b376fefd5d86 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/681a3322d8361d0effa47eeba5bf16f5.png e29f38b5f17fc831df2d51da1a9a7ab4 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0101<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Dunbarella</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>Age</h3> <div class="element-text">Carboniferous</div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Permian to Carboniferous</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Mollusca<br />Class: Bivalvia<br />Order: Pectinida<br />Family: Pterinopectinidae</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Ribs<br />Umbo<br />Growth lines</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Compression between mud layers<br />Potentially carbonization, though could be simply an external mould</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Because of the bilateral symmetry and preservation at first glance this could be mistakenly identified as a brachiopod. Other specimens, with different preservation, show that this is in fact a bivalve, and once you have seen enough of these you will know that <em>Dunbarella</em> is a bivalve not a brachiopod.</div> </div> symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/d49f8d0b84aff13f791c8c2420fedf4e.png 4d57e7693623c7a0e67dc29de449d2e6 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/f3bb76afa6e54d47fead956e0ec0de31.png 9b36b6b0f67a6ac5d63ae84f7fa5d566 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fossils Description An account of the resource <p>Welcome to the fossils section of the website. This is designed to help you learn the different characteristics of each major fossil group so that you are able to distinguish between them.</p> <p>First year students, please refer to the specimens housed in the first year teaching laboratory. There is no substitute for handling the specimens themselves; this website is just an accessory to help you along the way.</p> <p>Animals occupy different environments, have different life habits and lived through different periods in geological time. It is good to be aware of these differences in lifestyle and timing, within and between phyla, classes, orders and families.</p> Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Bivalve</h2> Description An account of the resource <h2>Taxonomy</h2> <p>Phylum: Mollusca</p> <p>Class: Bivalvia</p> <h2>Diagnostic features</h2> <p>Palial line/palial sinus</p> <p>Adductor muscle scars</p> <p>Growth lines</p> <p>Dorsoventral symmetry (some exceptions, for example<span> </span><em>Gryphaea</em>)</p> <p>Two hinged valves</p> <p>Umbo</p> <p>Hinge</p> <p>Gills (rarely preserved)</p> <h2>Stratigraphic range</h2> <p>Cambrian to present</p> <h2>Way of life</h2> <p>Bivalves have occupied many environmental niches, living in a variety of ways:</p> <p>Epifaunal, infaunal, nektonic</p> <p>Marine, freshwater, brackish</p> <p>Filter feeders through gills</p> <p>Majority of bivalves begin life in a planktonic larval stage</p> <p>By looking at the shell shape and palial sinus of fossil bivalves it is possible to say something about its mode of life.</p> <h2>Advanced notes</h2> <p>Apparent increase in bivalve diversity over time (or is this just a preservational bias?)</p> <p>Bivalves makes their shells out of calite, aragonites, or both</p> <p>The adductor muscles are used to keep the shell of the bivalve closed. This means that when they are relaxed, the ligament between the valves pulls them apart, so the 'relaxed state' for bivalves is 'open'.</p> <p>The depth at which infaunal bivalves burrowed can be inferred from the palial sinus. The more prominent the palial sinus, the deeper the bivalve burrowed. This is because the size of the palial sinus is indicative of the size of siphon needed, which in turn depends on the depth of the burrow (deeper burrow, larger siphon).</p> <h2>Specimens</h2> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/bivalves" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Browse bivalves</a></p> <h2>Links</h2> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5O1XYZcDh8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">youtube</a>: scallops swimming</p> <p><a href="http://www.museum.zoo.cam.ac.uk/bivalve.molluscs/lifestyles.of.bivalve.molluscs/">Cambridge University Museum of Zoology</a>: Lifestyles of bivalves</p> <p><a href="http://peabody.yale.edu/collections/blog/2011-11-07/brachiopods-versus-bivalves" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History</a>: differences between bivalves and brachiopods</p> <p><a href="https://www.digitalatlasofancientlife.org/learn/nature-fossil-record/types-of-fossil-preservation/">Learn about types of preservation</a></p> <h2>Also</h2> <p>Go to the front of the 1A Lab. A display on the right hand side (by the window) shows a number of bivalves in life position. Have a look at how they have adapted their shape and other features to their way of life.</p> shell symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/739efaa7b1f22bf8bc15a39a892c97d3.png a7cb9836496e9e2457bc6bd712c45107 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/40141138b48dc7d21a772fb008665b12.png b94e07d1709792ef9728082ed7ca6f0c Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0404<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Belemnite Peel</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Mollusca<br />Class: Cephalopoda<br />Order: Belemnitida</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">'Bullet' shape<br />Conical hole where phragmocone used to be<br />Radial crystals (here in cross section)</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Peel of a cross section through a belemnite (manmade)</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Have a look at this specimen under a microscope. The peel allows us to see very fine details.</div> </div> https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/7b252775fe5774ac0e6f189a876ef478.png f27686a548f58cf963ad650803c63a49 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/6f44f891381453ee72b92e9a635804a4.png 6d2e3c3efd2d3f006cba76486b1884b4 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0403<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Belemnite</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Location</h3> <div class="element-text">Oxford Clay, Warboys Pit, St Ives</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3></h3> </div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Species</h3> <div class="element-text">Hastatus</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Jurassic</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Mollusca<br />Class: Cephalopoda<br />Order: Belemnitida<br />Genus: Hibolites</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">'Bullet' shape<br />Guard with radial crystals<br />Hollow phragmocone area</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Mineral replacement of calcitic guard<br />Dissolution of aragonitic phragmocone<br />Sediment infil of phragmocone area</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Hibolites are not as bullet shaped as most belemnites, and at first glance could be confused with an Echinoid spine. However the radial arrangement of crystals and the presence of a hollow region where the phragmocone would once have been allows us to, after some examination, confirm these specimens as belemnites.</div> </div> Calcite Jurassic https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/d334c4736d6513fda605078c572ddbf5.png 3c392d716531aaa8f19afa4fbe480c0b https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/407f961fcb61f2f32904876c37ec609b.png f27d2d0fce5076bb235ad1dda673a23a Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0402<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Belemnite</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Carboniferous to Cretaceous</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Mollusca<br />Class: Cephalopoda<br />Order: Belemnitida<br /><br />Set 1:<br />Group: Cylindroteuthis<br />Set 2:<br />Group: unknown</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Guard with radial calcite crystals<br />Crushed conical hole where phragmocone used to be<br />Long, near cylindrical shape</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Dissolution of phragmocone<br />Sediment infill of conical cavity where phragmocone used to be<br />Crushing of infilled phragmocone area</div> </div> Carboniferous Cretaceous Jurassic Permian Triassic https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/0bff3979aaa02b655e03f0244e6e8652.png a2542186f8fd5df501c68b5c857a684e https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/522ed4d8bd22839e1d69d88433a5237a.png f1065aa2b9e620e4759d55e98df3fb3e Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0401<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Belemnite</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Carboniferous to Cretaceous</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Mollusca<br />Class: Cephalopoda<br />Order: Belemnitida</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Guard of radial calcite crystals<br />Conical cavity where phragmocone used to be</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Aragonitic phragmocone dissolved<br />Sediment infil of conical cavity where phragmocone used to be (set 1 only)</div> </div> Carboniferous Cretaceous Jurassic Permian Triassic https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/6009607451cd8aaf8df0774b2bdfdcde.png 8b21689fe4d996882b7eb68bf7e6ebbf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fossils Description An account of the resource <p>Welcome to the fossils section of the website. This is designed to help you learn the different characteristics of each major fossil group so that you are able to distinguish between them.</p> <p>First year students, please refer to the specimens housed in the first year teaching laboratory. There is no substitute for handling the specimens themselves; this website is just an accessory to help you along the way.</p> <p>Animals occupy different environments, have different life habits and lived through different periods in geological time. It is good to be aware of these differences in lifestyle and timing, within and between phyla, classes, orders and families.</p> Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Belemnite</h2> Description An account of the resource <div> <div class="element-set"> <div class="element"> <div class="element-text"> <h2>Taxonomy<span><br /></span></h2> <p>Phylum: Mollusca</p> <p>Class: Cephalopoda</p> <p>Subclass: Coleoidea</p> <p>Cohort: Belemnoidea</p> <h2>Diagnostic Features</h2> <p>Diagram with labelled features of belemnites</p> <p>'Bullet' shape</p> <p>Phragmocone: chambers divided by aragonitic septa (often preserved as conical cavity)</p> <p>Radial calcite crystals form the guard</p> <h2>Way of life</h2> <p>Nektonic</p> <p>Predatory</p> <p>Marine</p> <h2>Advanced notes</h2> <p>Exceptional preservation of belemnites showing soft parts has shown them to be very similar to squid in shape. The guard and phragmocone were held inside the soft parts of the animals, acting as a kind of backbone.</p> <p>Because the phragmocone is made of aragonite it is often not preserved. In contrast the calcitic guard is very often preserved. This means that a common preservation of belemnites is of the guard with a conical hole where the phragmocone once was. This empty conical chamber is often crushed.</p> <h2>Specimens</h2> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/belemnites" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Browse belemnites</a></p> <h2>External Links</h2> <p><a href="http://www.conchsoc.org/MolluscWorld20/7">Mollusc World</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.digitalatlasofancientlife.org/learn/nature-fossil-record/types-of-fossil-preservation/">Learn about types of preservation</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> Cretaceous Jurassic https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/e82f884cdfcbcf0c5b784213fb159ef1.png 806574debb150c7909664efee6138600 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/28a1fb886f7368006421315c7a409b82.png 4fbffbc82465ad32a511bfcc397b9055 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/b991dbe90d1c1ca1df17fa3af77186f4.png 3955766fe671a8996a6acde655145297 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fossils Description An account of the resource <p>Welcome to the fossils section of the website. This is designed to help you learn the different characteristics of each major fossil group so that you are able to distinguish between them.</p> <p>First year students, please refer to the specimens housed in the first year teaching laboratory. There is no substitute for handling the specimens themselves; this website is just an accessory to help you along the way.</p> <p>Animals occupy different environments, have different life habits and lived through different periods in geological time. It is good to be aware of these differences in lifestyle and timing, within and between phyla, classes, orders and families.</p> Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Ammonoid</h2> Description An account of the resource <h2>Taxonomy</h2> <p>Phylum: Mollusca</p> <p>Class: Cephalopoda</p> <p>Subclass: Ammonoidea</p> <h2>Diagnostic features</h2> <p>[See labelled diagram above]</p> <p>Aragonite shell</p> <p>Septa</p> <p>Suture (different for goniatites, ceratites and ammonites, see second diagram above)</p> <p>Chambers</p> <p>Siphuncle</p> <p>Planispiral shape, involute or evolute (see third diagram on right hand side)</p> <h2>Stratigraphic range</h2> <p>Devonian to Cretaceous</p> <h2>Way of life</h2> <p>Nektonic (jet propelled)</p> <p>Predatory</p> <p>Marine</p> <h2>Common preservation</h2> <p>Internal mould</p> <p><a href="https://www.digitalatlasofancientlife.org/learn/nature-fossil-record/types-of-fossil-preservation/">Learn about types of preservation</a></p> <h2>Advanced notes</h2> <p>Ammonoids could passively remove or add water to chambers via the siphuncle. This allowed them to change their density, and maintain neutral buoyancy with the surrounding seawater. This meant that they were able to swim as efficiently as possible.</p> <p>Ammonoids are extremely good index fossils on account of their diverse morphologies, good preservation potentials and widespread fossil locations.</p> <h2>Specimens</h2> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/ammonoids" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Browse ammonoids</a></p> <h2>External links</h2> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ilSDcZAXNM" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Telling planispiral fossils apart</a></p> Carboniferous Cretaceous Devonian Jurassic Permian Triassic