Olivine
- Subhedral to euhedral grains making up ~45% of the rock. Alteration to magnetite and serpentine, particularly along the curving cracks. Cracks across the thin-section, could be due to expansion of the rock as the olivine was altered.
Clinopyroxene
- Interstitial phase making up ~35% of the rock. Moderate relief, inclined extinction and first order pink to second order orange interference colours.
Plagioclase feldspar
- Interstitial phase making up ~20% of the rock. Low first order interference colours and lamellar twinning.
Accessory minerals - Biotite, small, interstitial grains, altered.
This is a cumulate rock. It has undergone late-stage shear banding.
Olivine phenocrysts crystallised first.
Clinopyroxene grew around the olivine phenocrysts.
Interstitial feldspar filled in the remaining gaps.
Shearing of the rock produced bands of deformation.
Hydrothermal alteration.
Olivine
- Subhedral to euhedral grains making up ~45% of the rock. Alteration to magnetite and serpentine, particularly along the curving cracks. Cracks across the thin-section, could be due to expansion of the rock as the olivine was altered.
Clinopyroxene
- Interstitial phase making up ~35% of the rock. Moderate relief, inclined extinction and first order pink to second order orange interference colours.
Plagioclase feldspar
- Interstitial phase making up ~20% of the rock. Low first order interference colours and lamellar twinning.
Accessory minerals - Biotite, small, interstitial grains, altered.
This is a cumulate rock. It has undergone late-stage shear banding.
Olivine phenocrysts crystallised first.
Clinopyroxene grew around the olivine phenocrysts.
Interstitial feldspar filled in the remaining gaps.
Shearing of the rock produced bands of deformation.
Hydrothermal alteration.
Pink-brown, fine-grained rock.
Strong planar shear fabric, produced by flow: streaks of dark red-brown and black-brown in the groundmass, and siliceous streaks and lenses.
Gold-coloured, metallic pyrite, and a black mineral are associated with the quartz-filled lenses.
Plagioclase feldspar
- Phenocrysts, fairly fresh, tabular, typically 1-2 mm long, with characteristic lamellar twinning.
Opaques
- Grains associated with the quartz-filled lenses. Range of sizes from groundmass up to ~0.5 mm. These are a mixture of pyrite, FeS2, (tending to have a cubic form) and the unidentified black mineral, both seen in hand specimen.
Groundmass
- Cryptocrystalline, almost glassy, speckled with tiny, irregular quartz and feldspar crystals. Probably devitrified glass. Plagioclase altered to white mica.
Secondary quartz
- Narrow veins and lenses of quartz, considerably coarser than the groundmass. The grains of quartz have sutured contacts, and may have been injected after consolidation of the lava. Some of these clumps are rimmed with inward pointing needles of feldspar.
Phenocrysts crystallised in a magma chamber. The magma erupted and cooled very rapidly to a fine-grained, glassy groundmass, preserving flow banding texture. Injection of quartz-rich fluid, which precipitated quartz in lenses and veins.
Very high temperature hydrothermal alteration caused devitrification of the glassy groundmass.
banded rhyolite
rhyloite flow
Glacial boulder, North Wales
Pink-brown, fine-grained rock.
Strong planar shear fabric, produced by flow: streaks of dark red-brown and black-brown in the groundmass, and siliceous streaks and lenses.
Gold-coloured, metallic pyrite, and a black mineral are associated with the quartz-filled lenses.
Plagioclase feldspar
- Phenocrysts, fairly fresh, tabular, typically 1-2 mm long, with characteristic lamellar twinning.
Opaques
- Grains associated with the quartz-filled lenses. Range of sizes from groundmass up to ~0.5 mm. These are a mixture of pyrite, FeS2, (tending to have a cubic form) and the unidentified black mineral, both seen in hand specimen.
Groundmass
- Cryptocrystalline, almost glassy, speckled with tiny, irregular quartz and feldspar crystals. Probably devitrified glass. Plagioclase altered to white mica.
Secondary quartz
- Narrow veins and lenses of quartz, considerably coarser than the groundmass. The grains of quartz have sutured contacts, and may have been injected after consolidation of the lava. Some of these clumps are rimmed with inward pointing needles of feldspar.
Phenocrysts crystallised in a magma chamber. The magma erupted and cooled very rapidly to a fine-grained, glassy groundmass, preserving flow banding texture. Injection of quartz-rich fluid, which precipitated quartz in lenses and veins.
Very high temperature hydrothermal alteration caused devitrification of the glassy groundmass.
banded rhyolite
rhyloite flow