1 10 25 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/71b420fdd7c8e4751f3d5cb38afe7b25.png bd4723338577f308bf0d0185d9e05898 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/62fd8b5f78862b97bb5582f961dde781.png 0c4119c9a2bafd398cdb3ad665d7686b Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0907<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Regular echinoid</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Modern</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinoidea<br />Subclass: Regularia</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Pentaradial symmetry<br />Anus and peristome in line<br />Spine attachments<br />Ambulacra<br />Attachments for the jaw apparatus visible on the inside of the peristome</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Original shell material<br />Jaw apparatus disarticulated<br />Soft parts removed</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Look at the colour of the shell and compare it to the permineralised specimens. Colour is almost always lost in the fossilisation process, even when the preservation looks to be near-perfect.</div> </div> pentaradial symmetry urchin https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/3e118be7d0f134049051257080257205.png 3a6ae881da3d07c53bf23ceb0f7091e3 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/3ee2f1620121ef6b9ec81730648cfe5f.png 81f86ef81494e7c696f14894d6682827 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0906<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Regular echinoid (cast)</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinoidea<br />Subclass: Regularia</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Pentaradial symmetry<br />Anus and peristome lie in line<br />Spine attachments<br />Five sets of ambulacra</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Cast (internal mould of an external mould)</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Spine attachments very much larger than for irregular echinoids as they have to hold much larger spines. Spines on regular echinoids are for defence and preventing predation, unlike for irregular echinoids where the spines are for movement in burrows. Watch a video of regular echinoids moving:<span> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3W4OCnHyCs">BBC Wildlife Army of Sea Urchins</a></div> </div> defence pentaradial symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/72ea6cd0bb7f8b497b39a318df609464.png 0e2a73e364db842262470b8d153087af https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/f11f698bfa9af8a9c768f038396bec93.png 3368923915763abd36be4f6c7ab9a10c Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0905<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Irregular echinoid</h2> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Upper Cretaceous</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinodea<br />Subclass: Irregularia<br />Order: Holasteroida<br /><br /></div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Bilateral symmetry<br />Mouth and anus out of line<br />Five radial ambulacra<br />Interambulacra with plates</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Sediment infill<br />Mineral replacement of shell</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Set 1: Anus and mouth appear to have been drilled to emphasise their positions.<br />Set 2: Fracturing of shell around the anus which obscures it. This would be a weak part of the shell which diagenetic processes have crushed.</div> </div> bilateral pentaradial symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/5e888ad8cc2b9b0342f86ef1af785c7e.png 4b7e592cb8b1cbe0dd9e8fdede699aab https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/ce5f10a60393b19236600240c89c14a3.png 2d271509f57998b329fbdd24c1606832 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0904<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Irregular echinoid</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>Source</h3> <div class="element-text"><span>Quaternary River Gravel, derived from Cretaceous chalk</span></div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Cretaceous</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinoidea<br />Subclass: Irregularia<br />Order: Echinoneoida<br />Genus: Conulus</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Bilateral symmetry<br />Five radial ambulacra<br />Interambulacra<br />Migrated periproct (opening for anus)<br />Peristome (opening for mouth)</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">This fossil was collected in Quaternary river gravel. Originally it was preserved in the Upper Chalk (Cretaceous). This was broken up into clasts by erosive processes, one of which was this irregular echinoid. The echinoid clast was carried by a river downstream and deposited in the river gravel unit during the Quaternary.</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Note how the anus has migrated, but the peristome is still in the position you would expect from a regular echinoid (not migrated). Notice also how the ambulacra bearing the tube feet continue onto the underside, a feature not seen in more streamlined and derived irregular echinoids.</div> </div> bilateral pentaradial symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/096e8ba3d85cb6710d025c8a47c6b650.png dafdee752e982fb456d58759fe553388 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/9210643b87c961dd79670feb9079babe.png 8753d0aed58123df89e9df5181ddaaa9 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0903<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Irregular echinoid</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>Location</h3> <div class="element-text"><span>Upper Chalk, Weston Colville, Cambridgeshire</span></div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Species</h3> <div class="element-text">Praecursor</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Cretaceous</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinoidea<br />Subclass: Irregularia<br />Order: Spatangoida<br />Genus: Micraster<br /><br /></div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Bilateral symmetry<br />Five radial ambulacra<br />Peristome (opening for mouth) and periproct (opening for anus) migrated<br />Spine attachment scars</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Sediment infil<br />Shell mineral replacement<br />Disarticulation of spines</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">Note the streamlined shape for burrowing through the sediment, and how the ambulacra, which bear the tube feet, do not continue onto the underside of the animal where the mouth is.<br />This is because the tube feet are used for respiration but not for movement, for which small spines are used.</div> </div> bilateral burrow movement pentaradial symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/b21246beff92e745d52987147691643f.png 72ae11871d6a3d4342acb3ec1b370e95 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/75ac7ff10d0a63ded30845e65de7e176.png aca569eebb6edab8d0a15db4d00f2614 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0902<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Irregular echinoid</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>Location</h3> <div class="element-text"><span>Coralline Oolite, Upware, Cambridgeshire</span></div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Species</h3> <div class="element-text">depressus Lestre</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Jurassic</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Echinoidea<br />Subclass: Irregularia<br />Order: Holectypoida<br />Genus: Holectypus<br /><br /></div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Bilateral symmetry<br />Five radial ambulacra<br />Spine attachment scars (very small)<br />Peristome and anus out of line</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Shell mineral replacement<br />Sediment infil<br />Disarticulation of spines</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Advanced notes</h3> <div class="element-text">This is a primitive irregular echinoid which would have had a functional jaw apparatus (not preserved) held within the peristome. The anus has migrated and the symmetry is bilateral, so this echinoid is clearly identifiable as irregular.</div> </div> bilateral movement pentaradial symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/0009fbb9cac6e2eed245dd750b96778a.png f6bc841a3f8ddf9c5d31647f48f08814 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/92fd574aa3a154c47bb3bbb59e17e42b.png 61ba37f85a382af2952ebbd7f390ee3a Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2><strong>TF0804<br /></strong></h2> <h2>Apiocrinites</h2> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>Location</h3> <div class="element-text"> <div class="element-set"> <div class="element"> <div class="element-text">Bradford Clay</div> </div> </div> <div class="element-set"> <div class="element"></div> </div> </div> Description An account of the resource <div class="element"> <h3>Stratigraphic Range</h3> <div class="element-text">Jurassic</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Taxonomy</h3> <div class="element-text">Phylum: Echinodermata<br />Class: Crinoidea<br />Order: Millericrinida<br />Genus: Apiocrinites</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Distinctive Features</h3> <div class="element-text">Pentaradial symmetry<br />Calyx<br />Attachment point for 'arms' of the animal</div> </div> <div class="element"> <h3>Preservation</h3> <div class="element-text">Cast (manmade)</div> </div> Calcite pentaradial symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/da675e6f7c1f955ccb28658cfe235bcb.png 890560381a34841c5f1f11649c9e0203 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/d7eb9ad67662f54a626c0d85caf42278.png c6e2b2a7f0b5fb6fe557afc11ad07383 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fossils Description An account of the resource <p>Welcome to the fossils section of the website. This is designed to help you learn the different characteristics of each major fossil group so that you are able to distinguish between them.</p> <p>First year students, please refer to the specimens housed in the first year teaching laboratory. There is no substitute for handling the specimens themselves; this website is just an accessory to help you along the way.</p> <p>Animals occupy different environments, have different life habits and lived through different periods in geological time. It is good to be aware of these differences in lifestyle and timing, within and between phyla, classes, orders and families.</p> Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Echinoid</h2> Description An account of the resource <h2>Taxonomy</h2> <p>Phylum: Echinodermata</p> <p>Class: Echinoidea</p> <h2>Diagnostic features</h2> <p>Ambulacra (tube feet)</p> <p>Periproct (opening for anus)</p> <p>Peristome (opening for mouth)</p> <p>Pentaradial symmetry (regular echinoids)</p> <p>Bilateral symmetry imposed upon pentaradial symmetry (irregular echinoids)</p> <h2>Stratigraphic range</h2> <p>Ordovician to Present (Irregular Echinoids from Jurassic to Present)</p> <h2>Way of life</h2> <h3>Regular echinoids:</h3> <p>Grazers with functional jaw apparatus</p> <p>Long spines for protection and movement</p> <p>Epifaunal at a wide range of depths</p> <p>Use tube feet for respiration and movement</p> <h3>Irregular echinoids:</h3> <p>Feed on organic matter in sediment, front shaped to funnel sediment into mouth</p> <p>Use fine spines to move</p> <p>Infaunal burrowers</p> <p>Use tube feet for respiration</p> <h2>Advanced notes</h2> <p>Grazing echinoids leave a distinctive pentagonal feeding trace<span> </span><em>Gnathicnus pentax</em>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.digitalatlasofancientlife.org/learn/nature-fossil-record/types-of-fossil-preservation/">Learn about types of preservation</a></p> <h2>Specimens</h2> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/echinoids" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Browse echinoids</a></p> bilateral pentaradial spines symmetry https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/89971fb077904c4a99127760472f86da.png bceb196f6a84f6bd71cf0f40b9b64a82 https://wserv3.esc.cam.ac.uk/p1acollections/files/original/2bb5468a533d7778aee98703471bddd4.png c8085ee8501917f4791bb012dbba7ada Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fossils Description An account of the resource <p>Welcome to the fossils section of the website. This is designed to help you learn the different characteristics of each major fossil group so that you are able to distinguish between them.</p> <p>First year students, please refer to the specimens housed in the first year teaching laboratory. There is no substitute for handling the specimens themselves; this website is just an accessory to help you along the way.</p> <p>Animals occupy different environments, have different life habits and lived through different periods in geological time. It is good to be aware of these differences in lifestyle and timing, within and between phyla, classes, orders and families.</p> Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Crinoid</h2> Description An account of the resource <h2>Taxonomy</h2> <p>Phylum: Echinodermata</p> <p>Class: Crinoidea</p> <h2>Diagnostic Features</h2> <p>Crown</p> <p>Stalk</p> <p>Pentaradial symmetry</p> <p>Ossicles</p> <p>Calyx</p> <p>Pinnule</p> <p>Holdfast</p> <h2>Way of life</h2> <p>Benthic (some pseudoplanktonic)</p> <p>Filter feeders</p> <h2>Stratigraphic range</h2> <p>Ordovician to present</p> <h2>Advanced Notes</h2> <p>The heyday of the crinoids was the Palaeozoic, where they dominated shallow marine environments. Modern crinoids are exclusively deep marine, and the diversity of forms is far less than it was during the Paleozoic.</p> <p>Were they victims of the increased grazing and predation pressure of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution?</p> <h2>Specimens</h2> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/crinoids" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Browse crinoids</a></p> <h2>Links</h2> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1xfRc4SDsw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">youtube</a>: modern crinoid behaving pseudoplanktonically. You can see the pinnules, crown and multiple stalks.</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?q=crinoid" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">flickr</a>: beautiful photographs of both living and fossil crinoids. Compare the levels of detail you can see, admire the colours, and spot the distinctive features that make these crinoids identifiable.</p> <p><a href="https://www.digitalatlasofancientlife.org/learn/nature-fossil-record/types-of-fossil-preservation/">Learn about types of preservation</a></p> benthic pentaradial symmetry Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fossils Description An account of the resource <p>Welcome to the fossils section of the website. This is designed to help you learn the different characteristics of each major fossil group so that you are able to distinguish between them.</p> <p>First year students, please refer to the specimens housed in the first year teaching laboratory. There is no substitute for handling the specimens themselves; this website is just an accessory to help you along the way.</p> <p>Animals occupy different environments, have different life habits and lived through different periods in geological time. It is good to be aware of these differences in lifestyle and timing, within and between phyla, classes, orders and families.</p> Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>Coral</h2> Description An account of the resource <h2>Taxonomy</h2> <p>Phylum: Cnidaria</p> <p>Class: Anthozoa</p> <h2>Diagnostic features</h2> <p>Radial or biradial symmetry</p> <p>External skeleton</p> <p>Septa</p> <p>Tabulae</p> <h2>Stratigraphic range</h2> <p>Ordovician to present</p> <p>Tabulate, rugose: Ordovician to Permian (extinct at P/T extinction)</p> <p>Scleractinian: Triassic to present</p> <h2>Way of life</h2> <p>Colonial or solitary</p> <p>Filter feeding</p> <p>Reef builders</p> <h2>Advanced notes</h2> <p>Remember, although the most well-known modern corals enjoy a symbiotic relationship with photosynthesising algae (Zooxanthellea) many modern corals do not. When thinking about Palaeozoic corals do not assume that they lived as well known corals do now.</p> <p>Corals built their skeletons out of aragonite (Ordovician to Permian) or calcite (Triassic to recent). They are often preserved as moulds, casts, intact or replaced.</p> <h2>Specimens</h2> <p><a href="/p1acollections/exhibits/show/corals" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Browse corals</a></p> <h2>External links</h2> <p><a href="http://paleosoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Corals.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Paleosoc coral info</a></p> radial symmetry